JavaScript is an evolving language. It is defined by a series of standards known as ECMAScript by Ecma International.
As a language, JavaScript looks much like Java or C++. Unlike these languages, the original version of JavaScript is widely regarded as a hastily written, poorly designed language.
Because of this perception, other languages have been written for use on HTML pages (CoffeeScript, Dart, etc.), but these must be compiled to JavaScript in order to be used by browsers.
JavaScript is the only language understood by browsers. In order to make significant changes to the JavaScript language without breaking existing programs, ECMAScript 2015 introduced strict mode.
Strict mode eliminates or modifies the worst parts of JavaScript. All new programming should be done in strict mode. To invoke strict mode for an entire program, put "use strict"; (complete with quotes) at the first line of a program.
To invoke strict mode for a single function, put that string as the first line inside the function. The primary use of JavaScript is to add interactivity to web pages.
Web pages are written in HTML, HyperText Markup Language. This book is not about HTML, but it does cover the minimum necessary.
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